Indigenous Learners in North America

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Lee and Kizilcec (2020) pdf

  • Models predicting college success (or median grade or above)
  • Random forest algorithms performed significantly worse for underrepresented minority students (URM; American Indian, Black, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and Multicultural) than non-URM students (White and Asian)
  • The fairness of the model, namely demographic parity and equality of opportunity, as well as its accuracy, improved after correcting the threshold values from 0.5 to group-specific values


Christie et al. (2019) pdf

  • Models predicting student's high school dropout
  • The decision trees showed little difference in AUC among American Indian and Alaska Native, White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander.
  • The decision trees showed very minor differences in AUC between female and male students


Jiang & Pardos (2021) pdf

  • Predicting university course grades using LSTM
  • Roughly equal accuracy across racial groups (including Native American and Pacific Islander students)
  • Slightly better accuracy (~1%) across racial groups when including race in model


Jeong et al. (2022) [1]

  • Predicting 9th grade math score from academic performance, surveys, and demographic information
  • Despite comparable accuracy, model tends to underpredict Native American students' performance
  • Several fairness correction methods equalize false positive and false negative rates across groups.